Why Is Genetic Variation Occurs - 1318 Words

The first person to coin the term epigenetics was Conrad Waddington in the early 1940s (1). He defined the study of epigenetics as â€Å"the branch of biology which studies the causal interactions between genes and their products which bring the phenotype into being† (2). Although scientists have long known that an offspring’s traits are passed down from its parents, the findings of Darwin and Gregor Mendel have really opened the doors for scientific researchers to begin to understand how and why genetic variation occurs. Now with advances in scientific research and bioinformatics, genetics has become increasingly important in revealing the root causes of diseases and the differences among individuals and species. Western religion has contributed to the extensive acceptance of the theory of â€Å"creationism† for hundreds of years. The term creationism according to the National Center for Science Education is: The religious belief in a supernatural deity or force that intervenes, or has intervened, directly in the physical world. Within that broad scope, there are many varieties of creationist belief. Some forms of creationism hold that natural biological processes cannot account for the history, diversity, and complexity of life on earth. Now with observations of gradual changes of species in the fossil record over time and advances in geology led to skepticism that eventually gave birth to the spread and development of the theories that make up the foundation of scientific theoryShow MoreRelatedLab 15 Essay697 Words   |  3 Pagesyou say about the genetic variation between these populations? That the genetic variation between these populations, are almost a complete 1:1 variation. Experiment 2: Questions 1. What observations can you make regarding the gene pool and gene frequency of the surviving individuals? That when you have a 50/50 chance of getting something it is just that a 50% chance you will get it. 2. What determines how often a phenotype occurs in a population? The variation in it if a person hasRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction1024 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction In order to avoid extinction species must reproduce and pass their genes on to the next generation, thus ensuring the survival of the population. For reproduction to occur cell division is necessary and this can be divided into two categories according to the behaviour of the chromosomes, they are known as mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is when the daughter cells finish up containing exactly the same number Read MoreAp Bio Chapter 231661 Words   |  7 Pages\ Chapter 23 Reading guide 1. what is the smallest unit of evolution and why is this important to understand? The population is the smallest unit of evolution . This is important to understand because it keeps clear what is evolving. 2. Define the following terms: a. Microevolution: evolutionary change below the species level; change in the genetic makeup of a population from generation to generation. It is evolutionary change on its smallest scale b. Population: a localized groupRead MoreNatural Selection Paper1502 Words   |  7 Pagesable to pass their genes through reproduction. Within the process of natural selection, it is possible for the original genetic make-up of a species to become altered. The team will report on the different processes of basic mechanisms of evolution, how natural selection results in biodiversity and why biodiversity is important to continued evolution. The sources of genetic variation such as mutations and sexual recombination will also be reviewed. Mechanisms of Evolution It is said that biology â€Å"cameRead MoreEvolutionary Concepts Activity 6 Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pageschanges in the gene pool. There are several mechanisms that can change a gene pool and allow evolution to occur. Natural selection, mutation, gene flow and genetic drift are some of the driving forces behind evolutionary change. Natural selection and genetic drift are the mechanisms that decrease genetic variation, whereas gene flow and mutation are the driving mechanism to increase genetic variation. Natural selection is basically the understanding that the environment can not support unlimited populationRead MoreMental Health Illnesses Have A Genetic Contribution1534 Words   |  7 Pagesproving to show that mental health illnesses have a genetic contribution. Mental health professionals have long known that certain mental illnesses can run in families, due to the fact that most, the chance of obtaining schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with no genetic factor is around one perfect, as to where if someone has a close relative with a certain disorder, such as a parent or sibling, the risk factor jumps to around ten percent. The genetic force behind the abundance of mental illnesses isRead MoreThe Devil Lake Trout Population Study872 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic diversity is a measurement of the variation in the nucleotides, genes, chromosomes, whole genome or phenotype of an organism. An understanding of the genetic diversity of lake trout populations is required for effective conservation and management. The Devil Lake trout population has a higher mean heterozygosity than Loughborough Lake’s. Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, is the keystone species in most northern temperate lakes in North America. They are the top carnivorous species in theRead MoreIt Is Efficient When Copying Information992 Words   |  4 Pagescrossing over occurs. 9. 2 possible genetic variations produced in meiosis; Crossing over: The chromosomes will start to cross over, through exchanging segments of DNA molecules. This happens in the course of prophase 1. The double chromatid pairs which are condensed are the ones that cross over. The new structure offers genetic variation, as they allow the parent genes to intermix. This crossing over process takes place at non-sister chromatids, leaves them with a different genetic complement. ThisRead MoreThe Human Genome And The Building Blocks Of Life1359 Words   |  6 PagesRaul Santos 7-8 Period 4/9/2015 Genetics Much research has gone into learning about the human genome and the building blocks of life. Thanks to genetic research we have learned about mutations and what medical effects they can have on a person. Genetic research allows us to better understand and genetic variation. It has made easier the process of mass producing crops. Because of how useful genetic research is, billions of dollars have been invested in it by companies around the world. But what exactlyRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Biblical Creation1028 Words   |  5 Pageswere related to the variations of the birds living among different environments. With the presumption that only one species of finches exists in South America, Darwin discovered thirteen dissimilar finches on the Galapagos Islands, six-hundred miles east of where they originated. These birds all had different sizes and shapes of their beaks. Additionally, the variations were contributed to the diets, which was different food ranging from insects, f ruits and seeds. The variations in the beaks gave the

Is Technology Good or Bad for Today´s Youth - 931 Words

Technology is a good or a bad for today’s youth? . . Today is the world of technology and man being a social animal is nothing without this technology. Or in other words can be said that survival along with progression is not possible without the interference of technology in our lives in each and every matter. Technology has many pros and cons. where it has proved to be good and helpful for us, other other hand it has shown disastrous effects and threatening circumstances for the world. There was a stone age when the people used to rub stones to make fire and send messages through smoke clouds and they had to do lot of effort for that. Unlike that time, todays life is far more effortless and easy. All you need to do is turn on the stove/heater with a switch or send a text message /give a call. This is all because of technology making our lives effortless. But observing the effects of technology on our lives, this has shown dreadful effects on out lifestyles, majorly healths. The graph of health ratio has fallen down drastically because there is less or merely no physical effort made by the body. People in the stone age were far healthy and lived for longer years reaching the age of 100 plus at times because they were doing every physical exertion for their living. But nowShow MoreRelatedThe Circle By Dave Eggers1310 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society, our present-time youth culture has many different trends that can be used for entertainment, sending out a message, religious views, clothing, technology, etc. There are a lot of good trends that can benefit society, but there are also bad ones too. In the novel, â€Å"The Circle† by Dave Eggers, the author explains how different kind of things can change our society. For example, new innovative technology, social media, privacy, interaction with other people, and how this can affectRead MoreSocial Networking Good or Bad?964 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 1023 5 February 2012 Social Networking: Good or bad? In a recent poll of 1,200 registered voters on Poll Position regarding their view on social media, 53% voted harmful. (McNamara 1) Today’s world has incredibly evolved around technology, especially with the emergence of social networking. Through the sudden rise in social networking, the question that has been called recently in concern is whether social media/networking is bad or good? The Bad: the increase in online predators over the lastRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesare coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the lives o f youth. In my opinion it has made us smarterRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the lives of youth. In my opinion it has made us smarter butRead MoreShould Parents Enforce The Usage Of Social Networking From Youth? Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesShould parents enforce the usage of social networking from youth? For some youth and parents, the answer is clear - social networking does more harm than good. Not everyone thinks the same, however. For example, many people believe that allowing kid s to utilize technology into kids’ or teens’ lives allows positive outcomes and new opportunities. Yet, what people have not realize is that some people are so busy on social networking that they do not comprehend the damage that it is doing to you children’sRead MoreFamily Moral Values Essay780 Words   |  4 Pagesafford fancy cars or nice clothes, they continued to make the best of everything. The most important value learned back then was respect and self-respect. Parents taught their children to respect them and other adults and respect themselves. Teens of today lacked the simple values of yesterday because of the exposure to negative things in the world. â€Å"But the most significant aspects of any cultural cod may be conveyed implicitly, not by rule or lesson but through modeling behavior† (Barnlund, 2000, p56)Read MoreThe Problem Of Mental Health1558 Words   |  7 Pagesissue in today s society, and there are many issues surrounding it in children and young adults. Many times people assume that a child or young adult has the perfect life, but tis is not always true. Some assume just because you re the best athlete or you won a state championship that all is well in your life. This is also not true. Many things revolve around a kids world, where these things can become very overwhelming at times. It can become extremely stressful and a young person s life. WeatherRead MoreThe Current Epidemic Facing Society Essay963 Words   |  4 Pageswhile they drank their morning coffee. Now, flash forward to today. We have e verything we had twenty years ago and more, but it is all faster, easier to access, global, and is in most of our hands within one device. Is this better or worse? Well, let me ask you this, How do you feel, and what was the last thing you read or saw on your phone, tablet, or computer? It was not something positive was it? Our current advances in technology have resulted with a boom of popularity of social media and accessRead MoreThe Effects Of Online Social Media On Young People s Lives1203 Words   |  5 Pagesmany researchers’ interests. Numerous studies online social media have showed that such sites are impacting and affecting young people’s lives significantly. Being on Tumblr, Snapchat, and Tinder have had both negative and positive effects on the youth of today and how we interact with the world. The Positive It is evident that in today’s world social networks act as an essential part of teenagers’ and young adults’ lives. According to a study done by researchers at the Pew Research Center on teensRead MoreIs Celebrity Worshipping Destroying Our Society?961 Words   |  4 Pagesdelusional disorder, where the individual ends up believing they have a relationship with a celebrity. Why do some people worship celebrities, and what are the consequences of doing so? Also, what kind of effects does celebrity worshipping have on today’s youth? Is celebrity worshiping destroying our society? More so now than ever, we have become dangerously obsessed with celebrities, not only with celebrities, but with fame in it of itself. It has become easier to be allured by what is portrayed on television

Week Two Learning Team Reflection on Personal Liability Free Essays

Week Two Learning Team Reflection on Personal Liability Law/531 October 2, 2012 ? Week Two Learning Team Reflection on Personal Liability Benefits to Commerce Team C colleagues decided on the following opinions in respect to the advantages of commerce using shareholders and other entities for protection against personal liability losses. Commerce is the buying and selling of goods or services within cities, states, and globally. The legal structure of a business will establish the liable responsibilities of the business owner. We will write a custom essay sample on Week Two Learning Team Reflection on Personal Liability or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a business is established as a Corporation or an LLC this structure separates business owner’s personal assets from the business debit and liability. The benefits of commerce acquiring shareholders or other entities to protect and shield their members from personal liabilities are a consideration that every entrepreneur should seek professional advice before starting a business. â€Å"As a separate legal entities, corporations are liable for their own debts and obligations† (Cheeseman, p. 558, 2010). By the corporation having shareholders it is limiting their loss if a potential suit arises. If they were to be sued they would be limited to the extent of their financial investment in the corporation. The officers of the corporation create a shield that protects them from liability, and from having their personal assets at risk. The benefit of having a corporation is that corporations itself becomes a legal entity; therefore the liability is taken away from an owner. If lawsuits arise the assets of the corporation will be at risk; however, the shareholders will not bear any personal liability. Therefore, potential investors in a corporation seek to have professional executives who use good judgment in running a business. The net worth of the corporation is also determined by the shareholders investment in the business and should there be a suit the corporation stands to be financially stronger than a business owned by a sole proprietor. If protecting investors was not available through legal methods most investors would not take the risk of losing their personal assets along with their investment. Personal Liability of Shareholders Team C colleagues decided on the following opinions in respect to the advantages of needing personal liability attached to individuals in violation and performing misdeeds. The United States is a country of laws. Believing that individuals and businesses are responsible for the actions and decision they make while in a position of authority. Personal liability is sometimes imposed the shareholders are normally not liable for the corporate debts incurred. (Cheeseman, 2010) Beginning around 1940, the government started enacting laws that attempted to protect society from unscrupulous businesses. History has shown that these laws alone cannot protect society from the misdeeds of individuals. Businesses always have relied on the consumer for continued existence. Therefore, a mutual trust must occur to maintain the balance of commerce. People run businesses; therefore it is reasonable to consider that those that have a fiduciary responsibility should be held accountable for the misdeeds or torts that occur because of their negligence. Current laws consider a corporation as a legal entity accountable for any torts the members of that company may commit. Members of management under the same laws are afforded protection against claims on personal assets. If this protection did not exist individual’s assets could be attached to any litigation against the company regardless of which members were at fault. One may think attaching personal liability to managing members would be a reasonable solution. After all, they are the individuals who have stewardship over the company. In fact, this action would be counterproductive harming society and commerce alike. Corporate officers and business leaders would not want to take on the risk and would refrain from seeking a managing role within a corporation. The immediate effect on commerce would be devastating. Those with experience and know-how would simply remove themselves from management responsibilities, creating a vacuum for less qualified individuals, increasing the potential for torts to occur. Shareholders confidence would wane, stock markets would falter, and the economy would suffer a financial meltdown. Team C members also concur that corporations have protection for their shareholders regarding their personal information, but they do not hold the shareholders responsible if the corporation goes bankrupt or shuts down. Shareholders are only responsible for the amount of money they have invested in the company. Piercing the corporate veil is the doctrine stating that if the shareholder uses the corporation improperly, the court of equity disregards the corporate entity. The shareholder is personally liable for the corporation’s debts and obligations (Cheeseman, 2010). This is also known as the alter ego doctrine because the corporation becomes the alter ego of the shareholder. Still today sole proprietorships are the most popular form of starting a business and having ownership. The definition is a business owned by one person and not incorporated with any others. In the business world sole ownership is not separate and cannot be split apart from the owners personal assets (Fairfax, 2011). The unincorporated business is exposed to unlimited liabilities and loss of personal asset protection. In today’s commerce environment having unlimited liability is the single most substantial difference between having shareholders and other entities shielding the business and sole ownership. Concluding, it is imperative that individuals interested in starting a business take the appropriate measures to decide how they simply will protect the business from potential liability, or loss. Seeking the advice of professionals can facilitate making the proper decisions. ? Reference Cheeseman, H. (2010). Corporate Formation and Financing, Business Law (7th ed. )(pp. 556- 576). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Errors And Omissions Insurance – E. (2012, September 28). Retrieved from (I) INVESTOPEDIA: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/e/errors-omissions-insurance. asp#axzz27oyyIDBO Fairfax, L. M. (2011, July). The Model Business Corporation act at Sixty. Law Contemporary Problems, 74(1), 19-30. How to cite Week Two Learning Team Reflection on Personal Liability, Essay examples

Marketing Strategy Nissan Leaf †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy for Nissan Leaf. Answer: Introduction Nissan Leaf is a creative and innovative initiative by Nissan. There are competitors for this car so the marketing director needs to identify them and accordingly, promote this car. Nissan Leaf is different in terms of looks and performance so the organization can promote the same. Nissan leaf was well aware of the competition in the open market as the competitors are also planning to launch electric vehicle. BMW, Opel, Volkswagen, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Citroen, Chevrolet, Mercedes Benz, Tesla Motors and Hybrids were few of the car manufacturers who were also planning to launch electric vehicle. The vehicle manufacturers were planning to manufacture small cars, for individual use (Jorge 2016). Nissan leaf wanted to differ and hence, they were planning to launch a big family car and at the same time, the cost of the car was also well taken care, unlike other car manufacturers (Kidron 2013). Charging of electric vehicles would be one of the biggest challenges that the users would face. The car manufacturer will also have to ensure that fuel stations are put in place so that the users can charge their vehicle on the way rather than charging the car at home, before they start with their journey. Secondly, Nissan wasnt a German company, but Germans prefer to buy German products only so in this situation, the team was scared if the driver would buy green car, which is not German made. Finally, electric vehicles may sound scary to many users as the drivers have never used it in the past and also the customers may feel that they would be stranded in the road if the battery dies (Juani 2014). Internal Market Analysis The CEO Carlos Ghosn believed that Zero Carbon emission is the future of cars because of the raising awareness on climate change and at the same time, the oil prices are also increasing drastically. The CEO believed that electric vehicle would be the future and Nissan Leaf would get the benefit of first mover in the market. The organization believed that by 2020, at least 10% of the car market would consist of electric vehicle and hence, they invested the companys complete R D budget in inventing the electric vehicle (Lin 2014). Nissan Leaf would be sedan with 5-seater. It would also possess electric motor with 80 Kilowatt power and it would offer 110 horsepower. The power would be drawn from Lithium-ion battery. The battery was very inexpensive and the cost of the battery was equivalent to half of the cost of the complete vehicle. The car was capable enough to speed up to 160 km/hr. Charging the battery would be simple as one can use 110 volt, 220 volt, or 440 volt source. The car would also have a special battery that can charge the car up to 80% in just 30 minutes (Kunle 2013). Electric vehicle naturally doesnt emit any sound but Nissan Leaf had artificial noise creator fitted in it so that people can be aware of the car coming up and this was safety feature considering the pedestrians (Katou 2015). Target Market The marketing director was very clear on the segments that would show interest in the car and hence, he wanted the team to concentrate on those segments only. In all the segments, Nissan Leaf would be bought by customers who are concerned about the environment and also customers who are willing to explore new technologies available in the market. Few of the segments that would be targeted for Nissan Leaf are as follows: - The first target market would be individuals who are buying car for their personal use. There would be customers who are more concerned about the environment and at the same time, these customers will explore all the possible features before they make a decision to buy the car (Lin 2014). Women would be targeted to sell Nissan Leaf. Women would be more concerned about the environment and hence, they would love to drive a car that doesnt use gasoline. Apart from that, if females are looking for cars to use for short drive then this is the best possible option. Nissan Leaf would also be preferred by corporate buyer as in Germany, at least million cars are leased to corporate. These corporate buyers would use Nissan Leaf as fleet and this will allow the corporate organization to show their responsibility towards the environment (Rolim 2013). Positioning Strategy Positioning strategy of Nissan Leaf would be based on the benefits that they offer to the customers. Few of the positioning pointers that would be used by Nissan Leaf are as follows: - Green First and foremost, the vehicle would be placed as a green vehicle as it would reduce the carbon emissions. Economical Nissan Leaf is expecting subsidies from the government and the price of the car would be cheaper than that of the other cars. Apart from that, maintenance and fuel cost of Nissan Leaf would be very cheap. Convenient This car is convenient as it is better than that of the competitors. The car can also be drove at the speed of 160 Km/hr and hence, this can be used by any car lover. Easy to use The car is easy is recharge and also maintain. The car can be recharged at home. The user need not put in any special efforts to maintain or charge the car. Warranty The traditional cars offers a warranty of 23 years, while Nissan Leaf would offer a warranty of 5 years. Most of the customers would be anxious about the technology but this anxiousness would be reduced while they would be using their car under warranty (Sharma 2014). Product and Pricing strategy With regards to the product strategy, the CEO was clear that the car would be manufactured in Japan and the same would be offered to the international market as well. The organization believed that this is the need of the hour and hence, individual users may also prefer to buy this car and contribute to the environment. The cost of the battery is half of the cars cost and hence, the user may find this to be expensive than that of the other vehicles in the market. The cost of Nissan Leaf is expected to 33,315 Euros (including taxes). Over and above, the government may offer a subsidy of 5000 to the car buyers and hence, this will be beneficial. In the near future, the battery would be made available on lease so this can also be considered as a cost benefit by the buyer (Ogunyemi 2014). The organization was dependent on the dealers for the sale of car. In Germany, Nissan has access to more than 620 dealers so these dealers would promote the sales of Nissan Leaf as well. The marketing director would pay special incentives to the dealers to sell their cars in the market. To start with, the marketing would be opting for push strategy so that car lovers are aware of the existence of this car. Word of mouth communication would be the most effective mode of communication that can be used by any marketer. The marketing team will also have to ensure that they create maximum visibility of the product so that the customers are aware of the new product available in the market. To increase the visibility of the car, Magazine, TV, newspaper, online and billboard advertisements would be used by Nissan Leaf (Saini 2013). Utilization of marketing budget Mode Cost (in Lakhs - Euros) Billboard Advertisements 2.0 Magazines 3.0 Television advertisements 13.0 Newspapers 3.0 Online (Email Marketing, SEO marketing and website) 4.0 Total 25.0 Conclusion Nissan leaf will have to promote the car appropriately so that they can reach out to the customers. Also they will have to ensure that the customers are motivated to buy Green car, rather than being concerned about the origin of the car. References Jorge, V, 2016, Impact of human resource management on performance in competitive priorities, International journal of operations and production management, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 114-134 Juani, S, 2014, Reconsidering boundaries: Human resource management in the networked world, Human Resource management, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 291-310 Kidron, A, 2013, Internal Integration with human resource management subsystems, Journal of managerial psychology, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 699-719 Kunle, A, 2013, Context and nonprofit human resource management, Administration and society, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 974-1004 Katou, A, 2015, Human Resource management and organizational productivity, Journal of organizational effectiveness: People and performance, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 244-266 Lin, S, 2014, Human resource management practices in Chinese organizations, Chinese Management studies, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 2-5 Ogunyemi, K, 2014, New technology and ethical human resource management, European scientific journal, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 283-297 Rolim, E, 2013, Improved decision aiding in human resource management, International journal of productivity and performance management, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 735-757 Saini, D, 2013, Human Resource management, Vision: The journal of business perspective, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 98-108 Sharma, S, 2014, Human resource management and trade unions, International journal of trade, economics and finance, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 88-92